Archaeologists in eastern China have uncovered evidence suggesting parts of the Great Wall date back 300 years earlier than previously believed, reaching as far as the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046–771 BCE). Excavations in Shandong province’s Changqing district revealed wall segments from the Spring and Autumn Period (770–476 BCE), challenging the notion that the wall was a single, unified project.
Historically, the Great Wall was built in phases by different dynasties to defend China’s northern borders from nomadic invasions. Recent findings highlight its extensive expansion, particularly during the Qi State’s reign, with some sections reaching up to 30 meters. Ancient texts support this, detailing cycles of construction, use, decay, and restoration over centuries.
A multidisciplinary approach, including artefact analysis and environmental studies, helped date the site. Archaeologists uncovered roads, house foundations, trenches, and ash pits, providing insights into ancient China’s advanced engineering. According to researcher Zhang Su, the best-preserved section, built during the Warring States Period (475–221 BCE), is now considered the earliest known part of the Great Wall.
